Protein Phosphatase 2A: Its Structure, Function and Activity Regulation
LIU Wei-Jun, SHEN Ying, DING Jian*
( Division of Anti-tumor
Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Institute of Materia
Medica,
Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shanghai 200031, China)
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major kind of serine/threonine protein
phosphatase in eukaryotic cells. PP2A has many subunits and isozymes encoded
by different genes to form many different PP2A holoenzymes. PP2A plays important
roles in regulation of cell cycle, signal transduction, cell differentiation,
and transformation. Its activity is related to several diseases, including
neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The regulation of PP2A activity is
accomplished by its subunits' expression, cellular localization, phosphorylation
and methylation. The second messenger, ceramide, also plays an important role
in the regulation of PP2A activity, as well as a plenty of low molecular mass
inhibitors of PP2A and other protein phosphatases.
Key words protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); holoenzyme complex; core dimer enzyme
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